A process is a program that is currently being executed on a computer.It is almost the same as a task, which is the unit of work scheduled by the CPU.When a program is loaded into memory, it becomes an instance of a process,and then the CPU executes it according to the operating system's scheduler. Memory Structure of a ProcessWhen the OS allocates memory to a process, it follows this structure:..

One of the key roles of an operating system is memory management.It must maximize the use of limited memory resources inside the computer.Virtual MemoryVirtual memory is a memory management technique thatabstracts the actual physical memory resources available on a computerand makes it appear as a very large memory to the users. The virtual addresses given are called virtual addresses (logical ..

A load balancer is a device or software that distributes incoming client requests across multiple backend servers, with the goal of increasing the system’s capacity and reliability.It helps handle high volumes of traffic by distributing requests based on factors such as URL paths, server availability, cache state, and cookies.Many load balancers also include security features such as filtering o..

ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram)An ERD serves as the fundamental blueprint when building a database,defining the relationships between relations (tables).ERDs are created based on system requirements, and the database is built from this design.Even after the database is built, ERDs can serve as a reference for debugging or redesigning business processes.However, while ERDs are useful for repres..

Memory refers to a device in electronic circuits that records data, state, or instructions.It is categorized into different types based on speed, volatility, and capacity: 1. RegisterLocated inside the CPU — smallest and fastest memory.VolatileFastest speedSmallest storage capacity2. *CacheRefers to L1, L2 cache.VolatileVery fast speedSmall storage capacity3. Main MemoryTypically refers to RAM...

When data is transmitted between layers in a network stack,the unit of data at each layer is referred to as a PDU (Protocol Data Unit). A PDU typically consists of:A header: control information specific to the layerA payload: the actual data being transmittedEach layer has its own name for the PDU:Application Layer: MessageTransport Layer: Segment (TCP) / Datagram (UDP)Internet Layer: PacketLink..