Computer ArchitectureA computer consists of the following components:CPU (Central Processing Unit)DMA Controller (Direct Memory Access)Memory (Normally RAM, Random Access Memory)TimerDevice Controller CPUThe CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a computer component structured as follows:It is a worker that simply interprets and executes instructions stored in memory, triggered by *interrupts. When..

EntityAn entity is a noun that has multiple attributes, such as a person, place, object, event, or concept.Relation_릴레이션A relation is the basic unit for storing data in a database,where data about an entity is managed within a single relation.In relational databases, a relation corresponds to a table — tables are made up of records (rows), and tables together form a database.In NoSQL databases, ..

Keywords: encapsulation, decapsulation When a computer sends a request to another computer (e.g., requesting a web page via HTTP), the data flows through the network stack by undergoing encapsulation and decapsulation processes across the TCP/IP layers.EncapsulationEncapsulation is the process in which each lower layer wraps the data from the upper layer with its own header (and sometimes trai..

The Internet Protocol Suite is a collection of communication protocols used for exchanging information between computers over the Internet. It is commonly explained using either the TCP/IP 4-layer model or the OSI 7-layer model. The TCP/IP model—short for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol—was designed with a focus on practicality and real-world applicability rather than theoretic..

GUI (Graphical User Interface) A type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices visually.System Call The interface for accessing the kernel of the operating system. Switches from user mode to kernel mode through a system call. Prevents direct access to computer resources and protects programs. Uses a mode bit flag variable (0 = kernel mode, 1 = user mode).Kerne..

Network bottlenecks refer to points in a network where the flow of data is restricted,causing a slowdown in overall network performance.This happens when the demand for network resources exceeds the available capacity at a particular point in the network. Here are some key points about network bottlenecks: DefinitionNetwork Bottleneck: A situation where the capacity of a network component (such ..